Autism and Theory of Mind
- Nasif Ismail
- Aug 29, 2024
- 2 min read
Theory of mind is the ability to attribute mental states, intents, beliefs, knowledge, desires etc to one’s self while also understanding that others have desires, intentions, beliefs different than that of one’s own. This is a cognitive skill and is of the utmost importance for predicting and understanding the behavior of others during social interactions. The question to ask here is “Do Autistic Children Understand What Others Feel and Think” to make it simple. An example with real world application is if you hear about a meeting and are told not to disturb under any circumstances and you see someone else taking a coffee for their boss or whoever else you would ask them not to, that’s Theory of Mind.
Theory of Mind is a skill that children pick up before the age of 5, believe it or not. Some examples to show if an Autistic Child has a grasp of Theory of Mind are
1. People don’t know where they are if they hide
2. If they think a thought or have an emotion but don’t express, it
3. Understanding that their likes and dislikes may not be the same as others
4. If they have some type of information that others do not, they can communicate that or else they might be misunderstood.
5. If they see or witness something someone else has not, then they know something that others do not know.
Research shows that autistic children may not be able to understand certain forms of communication like body language and facial expressions like raising eyebrows or anything similar.
Another thing they may misinterpret is Vocal tones for example when people use different tones to joke or be sarcastic they may not be able to understand these concepts. This can lead to a lot of misunderstanding of peoples desires and motivations They may be unable to communicate their needs effectively. This can lead to bullying, abuse and being misled.
Below is a list of problems attributed to lack of Theory of Mind
1. Difficulty Understanding Others Perspectives
2. Challenges in Social Interactions
3. Communication Issues
Now let’s look at different activities that you can do to help create Theory of Mind in your Special Needs Child.
1. Reading a story with a kid and have them guess the ending of that story
2. Other activities that can be done are role play, play pretend and drama or a guessing game.
3. Modelling different emotions that people can display through facial expressions and body language.

Parents and teachers both play a key role in developing Theory of Mind and it is a two way street. Put yourself in their shoes while being patient when they do not process at the same speed you do. Work alongside them to help them develop the skills they need to get along with others
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